EV chargers can be classified into three main types, based on their typical power output and charging speed.
- Level 1 chargers
- Level 2 chargers
- DC fast chargers, also known as Level 3 chargers
As you might expect, the fastest EV chargers are the most expensive. However, they are very convenient in buildings where visitors tend to stay for a short time, such as supermarkets and department stores. Level 1 and Level 2 chargers are slower, but they are cost-effective options in places where the EV will remain parked for many hours.
The following table from the US EPA summarizes the main performance features of the three main types of EV chargers:
EV Charger Type
|
Typical Voltage
|
Charging Speed
|
Portable?
|
Level 1
|
120 V
|
2-5 miles per hour
|
Yes
|
Level 2
|
240 V
|
10-20 miles per hour
|
No
|
DC Fast Charger
|
Varies
|
>60 miles per 20 minutes
|
No
|
Both Level1 and Level 2 chargers use J1772 ports, which are commonly called J-plugs, while DC fast chargers use CCS or CHAdeMO ports. Keep in mind that this doesn’t apply for Tesla vehicles, since the company has its own port design.
Level 1 and Level 2 chargers are cost-effective in homes and apartment buildings, where EV owners have many hours to recharge. The same applies in office buildings and other workplaces where employees will be present for many consecutive hours. On the other hand, if you want to give EV owners the opportunity to recharge while going to a bank or purchasing groceries, the only viable option is a DC fast charger.
Manufacturers will normally provide a Level 1 charger when you purchase an electric vehicle, and Level 2 chargers can be easily installed in homes. However, DC fast chargers have a much higher power consumption than the typical home, and they are better suited for commercial and large multifamily buildings.
NY Engineers can specify the optimal EV chargers for your building, based on the typical parking hours of tenants and visitors. We can also design a code-compliant electrical installation, ensuring a reliable power supply for your EV charging stations.